Table 4 examples of functional and energy essence
|
|
PROCESS, system |
ELEMENTs OF System |
||
|
static ELEMENT |
energetic ELEMENT |
functional ELEMENT |
||
|
1 |
Water turbine |
Water in reservoir |
Water stream |
Turning moment (torque) of rotor |
|
2 |
Steam turbine |
Steam in boiler |
Steam jet |
Turning moment of rotor |
|
3 |
Spark-ignition engine |
Gas mixture |
Burning gas |
Energy of piston |
|
4 |
Rocket, spacecraft |
Fuel |
Burning gas |
Tractive force of rocket |
|
5 |
Electric motor |
Voltage of electric network |
Electric current |
Turning moment of rotor |
|
6 |
Transformer |
Voltage of network |
Primary current |
Secondary current |
|
7 |
Steam engine: |
|
||
|
Piston motion |
Steam in boiler |
Steam in cylinder |
Energy of piston |
|
|
Piston-rod pull |
Energy of piston |
Energy of piston-rod |
||
|
Flywheel rotation |
Energy of piston-rod |
Energy of flywheel |
||
|
Slide-valve shift |
Energy of slide-valve rod |
Energy of slide-valve |
||
|
8 |
Javelin throw |
Energy of man |
Movement of man |
Energy of javelin |
|
9 |
Movement of man |
Energy of man |
Movement of legs |
Movement of man |
|
10 |
Forearm movement |
Energy of muscles |
Movement of muscle |
Movement of forearm bones |
|
11 |
Wood chopping |
Energy of man |
Movement of man |
Energy of axe |
|
Axe movement |
Energy of axe |
Work of cutting through |
||
|
12 |
Tape-recorder head |
Voltage |
Electric current |
Magnetic record |
|
13 |
Microphone |
Sound source |
Air wave motion |
Membrane vibration |
|
Membrane vibration |
Electric impulses |
|||
|
14 |
Incandescent lamp |
Voltage of electric network |
Electric current |
Light of filament |
|
15 |
Carburetter |
Energy of gas mixture |
Energy of piston |
Move of explosive mixture |
|
16 |
Skier |
Mass of ground and skier |
Gravitational force |
Movement of skier |
|
17 |
Reducing valve |
Strength of spring |
Tension of spring |
Valve cone position |
|
Steam in boiler |
Pressure of steam |
|||
|
18 |
Paper shearing |
Energy of fingers |
Movement of legs |
Shearing of paper |
|
19 |
Car movement |
Energy of gas mixture |
Energy of engine |
Energy of wheels |
|
Planet |
Energy of wheels |
Move of undercarriage |
||